You can keep hold of your cash and pay for your car out of your monthly salary at one standard cost across the period. Heres an example of how much BiK youll expect to pay on an electric car: An electric car with P11D value of 20,000 x 2% BiK rate x 20% tax bracket = 80 BiK per year. We understand that loveelectric might not be a good fit for everyone and that other salary sacrifice companies might be a better fit at times. But much depends on what you do next. LEASE SUBSCRIPTION. Weve used Nimble Fins averages and our own research based on like-for-like services to crunch the numbers for this comparison. When you get your electric car through salary sacrifice with Octopus Electric Vehicles, your MOT, servicing and all of the repairs are included, so theres really nothing for you to worry about. Drivers of hybrid cars can pay BiK rates of up to 10 times more than an electric car would pay. What will the onboarding experience be like for the employee? Salary sacrifice lets you make contributions to your pension and helps to save on National Insurance at the same time. Jump To Car Salary Sacrifice Calculator our newly released scheme for the following cars, 8k miles, insured, maintained over 3 years would cost me as a 40% tax payer for. United States Salary Tax Calculator 2022/23, United States (US) Tax Brackets Calculator, Statistics Calculator and Graph Generator, Grouped Frequency Distribution Calculator, UK Employer National Insurance Calculator, DSCR (Debt Service Coverage Ratio) Calculator, Arithmetic & Geometric Sequences Calculator, Volume of a Rectanglular Prism Calculator, Geometric Average Return (GAR) Calculator, Scientific Notation Calculator & Converter, Probability and Odds Conversion Calculator, Estimated Time of Arrival (ETA) Calculator, Input your total annual salary (the gross figure), Put in the annual contribution from your employer, Also put in the annual contribution that you pay, You can convert employee savings to pension contributions simply select Yes or No, Select the percentage of employer's National Insurance that the employer wants to retain. Electric Dreams aims to support the growing number of employees looking to go electric using salary sacrifice which could ultimately help them save thousands of pounds on both national insurance and income tax. Do note, while we always aim to give you accurate product info at the point of publication, unfortunately price and terms of products and deals can always be changed by the provider afterwards, so double check first. Salary sacrifice: Monthly cost of insurance for Corsa-e SE Premium = 0. These contributions are taken from your salary before tax and National Insurance are paid, so are tax efficient. Ideally, they should have a document that clarifies the responsibilities of each party, so you are not liable for employee errors. Keep in mind that this amount cannot be salary sacrificed so the fee will the gross amount before taxes. Will employees get their questions answered quickly. For example, Tusker and Octopus EV are leasing companies and set the rentals themselves. Take advantage of our salary scheme through your employer. Yes, you give up part of your gross income to pay for the car. Early termination only covers 10% of claims or ten cars whichever is greatest. But it is now its own dedicated leasing company, meaning it will own the vehicles themselves. Use our EV salary sacrifice calculator below to find out how much you could save each month. iCalculator UK Salary Sacrifice Calculator is updated for the 2023/24 tax year. Youll still have to sort out insurance, servicing, maintenance, MOT, repairs and fuel costs. The numbers are based on a 40-year-old driver who earns 40,000, lives in South London and drives 8,000 miles a year. Wevee and loveelectric and other brokers make money by charging a commission on top of the rental. At present, the most popular car ordered is the Tesla Model 3, which was also the fourth best-selling new passenger vehicle in March. This works when an employer and employee come to an agreement over salary. www.octopusev.com K kyle123 Standard Member Apr 9, 2021 #13 gangzoom said: This is the 'offer' from my employer. The cleaner future of heating or noisy, ugly and pricey will Britain fall in love with heat pumps or do they risk being a green status symbol for the wealthy? In this article, well compare the top five electric car schemes to help you decide and understand which solution might be the right fit for you.. Once you've inputted your company details we'll give you a call to get you set up. Click on the appropriate button below to get your Car Salary Sacrifice calculation started: Create an employer profile for taxes and pension contributions. Volvo assume 400 insurance, 150 tax, 300 tyres, 300 servicing. Are their answers a little wishy-washy and not specific? It is simple to follow and shows how you can benefit from doing this. You are tied in to their full bundle, which may be right for some employees, but almost certainly will not be right for all employees. Filter. Europe's busiest forums, with independent news and expert reviews, for TVs, Home Cinema, Hi-Fi, Movies, Gaming, Tech and more. Were about to show you how you can get your hands on an electric car that will cost you less each month than a petrol car. Maintenance and insurance can optionally be added. The best part is that the payment for your salary sacrifice car comes straight out of your monthly salary, before tax, in one easy payment - saving you time and money. Their early termination policy covers dismissal. Although many are legitimate and offer a great service, some are simply looking for a quick commission fee and will have artificially high monthly payments to cover costs.. Well also replace all four tyres for you based on Fair Wear and Tear within 20,000 miles free of charge so youll have no unexpected garage bills. There are already many similar cycle to work schemes in place where workplaces provide their employees with bikes to get to and from their office. Fill out this short enquiry form. The actual amount will depend on which costs the employer wishes to take in to account. Salary sacrifice: Monthly cost of salary sacrifice for Corsa-e SE Premium = 330.08 Maintenance, Servicing and Repairs An MOT is a legal requirement that costs around 55 per year. Its a financial commitment that needs time and money to manage. Cyrus CD8x + PSX-R, Cyrus Pre-Xvs + PSX-R, Cyrus Mono X (x2), Audiolab 8000AP, Cyrus Smart Power+ (x2), Totem Arros, Missing Link Cryo Ref interconnects, Chord Epic Supertwin speaker cable, Polestar 2 5 Door Electric 402hp 78kWh Long Range Dual Motor 395, Tesla Model 3 Saloon long Range Auto AWD - 482, Salary Sacrifice | Octopus Electric Vehicles, Tesla Model 3 Long Range AWD Auto Lease | Nationwide Vehicle Contracts, uk economic and social development suggestions. Our registered address is UK House, 5th Floor, 164-182 Oxford Street, London, W1D 1NN. loveto halve the cost of your new electric car? The sacrifice the employee makes out of gross salary is 726 which, after tax, is equivalent to paying 435. There you go, the saving is in the 450 month you're paying as HP. Make. Authority, firm reference number 809736, company number 10754317. Octopus Electric Vehicles Limited is authorised and regulated by the Financial Conduct Without Salary Sacrifice 663.00 per month* With Salary Sacrifice 445.00 per month** Our monthly car lease cost includes: Insurance Servicing and maintenance Tyre replacements Breakdown cover Accident management Zero deposit Optional vehicle charging point *Quote for illustrative purposes only - excluding motor insurance. Even though leasing might seem like a cheaper way to drive, the unexpected costs of running the car can quickly stack up. Fixed AmountPercentage of Salary. It will rise to 2 per cent over the next three years. By comparison, combustion vehicles are subject to a typical BIK tax of 25 to 35 per cent. Octopus VAT registration number 386404284. The overall process is meant to be cost neutral for businesses as they can recover VAT and also save as they make lower National Insurance contributions due to the salary sacrifice - bothare used to calculate the employer's gross sacrifice. For other cars no. This is why EV salary sacrifice schemes are such an attractive method of delivering a tax . At all times, if an employee resigns they can transfer the lease to another employee or take the lease with them to their new employer (if eligible) at no extra cost. is a credit broker and a vehicle hirer but not a consumer credit lender. Always remember anyone can post on the MSE forums, so it can be very different from our opinion. Speak with our expert team to discuss your EV needs, order your car and we'll deliver to you as soon as it's available. If you don't have off-street parking or a driveway, we'll give you 4,000 miles of free public charging credit with Electroverse. An MOT is a legal requirement that costs around 55 per year. Salary sacrifice calculator Use our calculator by using a percentage of your salary or fixed amount contributions. Once you set up the salary sacrifice scheme, employees will have many questions, so its important that someone on their team is responsive and can answer all their questions.. Oh, and it uses tax rates for England and Feb 9, 2023. The company saves 53.19 on National Insurance meaning it is cost neutral for them. Our dedicated team are on hand to support whenever you need it. The monthly lease could be too expensive for employees, or the early termination policy wont be a good fit. Anybody done this scheme? Salary sacrifice. Because our electric car salary sacrifice is one all-inclusive price that covers everything you need to hit the road, this comparison gives drivers savings of nearly 70 per month while letting them switch to a brand new, top-spec electric car. We often link to other websites, but we can't be responsible for their content. 1. They have a Carbon Standard offsetting project that offsets all their salary sacrifice cars. According to the Nimble Fins research, the average petrol car driver in the UK spends around 1,272 a year on fuel to get from A to B, at a cost of around 20.1p per mile. According to Nimble Fins, the average cost of running a petrol or diesel car in 2022 is 3,000 a year. Benefit in Kind tax is calculated based on two things: the cars CO2 emissions and the cars P11D value. Our registered address is UK House, 5th Floor, 164-182 Oxford Street, London, W1D 1NN. Salary. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. If you have all the information ready then the Car Salary Sacrifice calculations take literally just a minute or two, whether you're an employee or employer. Personal lease: Monthly cost of tyres for Corsa 1.2 SE Edition = 10.83Through our salary sacrifice scheme, well cover punctures and sidewall damage. Employees can do test drive days possibly only for larger companies. Some employers choose not to include insurance, but its up to your company. This means your net pay will go down by the amount you pay for the car, minus your tax savings. Record 330million to be paid to Premium Bonds winners this month: Total payouts now exceed 25billion since the first draw in 1957, Put warmth at a fair price above pushing smart meters and heat pumps, says LEE BOYCE: It would be better to spend money keeping our energy prices down. Change the numbers to suit you. You just need your employer to sign up first.Fill in your company details so we can get in touch - it wont cost them a penny but it might earn you a few brownie points. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); All Tax Calculators on iCalculator are updated with the latest Tax Rates and Personal Allowances for 2023/24 tax year. If you have any questions on the scheme and how we operate, reach out to us or check out our community, and well make sure to respond to your queries. How do you manage the employees salary and payroll? Refer your clients to give them access to our electric car salary sacrifice scheme. For me to be greener in the short term I'd prefer to make sure my home is better insulated, use 100% renewable energy etc. We've split our Car Salary Sacrifice calculator between employers and employees. Please read the important notes before proceeding to use this tool: a couple of hundred pounds a month more expensive than a regular lease. Our salary sacrifice monthly payments include absolutely everything you need to hit the road: car, charger, insurance, servicing, maintenance, breakdown and tyres. Thats where its important to have early termination protection in place. And we include everything that they need to hit the road in their shiny new electric car. The will usually be maintained by a third party chosen by the company if it opts for a fully maintained contract which typically includes routine services, repairs and MOT tests. With our salary sacrifice scheme, fully comprehensive insurance is normally included in your monthly payment. Tusker monthly lease prices may be higher because they are a leasing company and offer lifestyle protection. AVForums.com is owned and operated by M2N Limited, Are they self-insuring, or do they have a legitimate third-party and comprehensive insurance provider? Tesla is still one of the most popular electric vehicle leased through Octopus EV but its share dropped from 50 per cent to 28 per cent from the first three months of 2020 compared to the same time frame this year. Make sure to understand what youre paying for and what the terms are. Octopus says it realised how good EV salary sacrifice was and decided to design a scheme that makes it easy and cost-neutral for companies to set up and run. They are a lot smaller than traditional leasing companies, owning 10,000 vehicles compared to large ones that might have over 350,000 cars., By being smaller, itll mean they cant negotiate discounts with manufacturers and since they arent owned by a retail bank, their cost of capital will be a lot higher. Alternatively, just sell it and pay off the finance. Drivers that order an EV through Electric Dreams before July 2021 also receive a free smart charger fully installed by the Octopus Energy Services team. commission. Who is WeVee good for? JavaScript is disabled. The cost of the MOT isn't a problem for most drivers, but the cost of repairs that the MOT uncovers can be hefty. . They all offer electric cars which will result in a lower Benefit in Kind (BiK) tax and no road tax. For the Tesla. Youll need to replace all four tyres every 2 years on average. It also assumes the employer wishes to reflect any net savings they made in National Insurance by reducing the gross sacrifice so an adjustment of 10 per cent has been made. Authority, firm reference number 809736, company number 10754317. 2. 7,998.40 - is the effective 'additional' salary that I'm to be taxed on (Total cost of vehicle X BiK rate) 7,620.00 - is the salary im sacrificing (company has to pay 635 a month for the vehicle so 635 X 12) 40,000.00 - My current taxable salary 32,380.00 - My taxable salary after we remove the sacrificed salary Lease prices are higher because they are a leasing company that is considerably smaller than the market leaders and they have a higher cost of capital.. 5. You are using an out of date browser. New: Octopus Electric Vehicles has launched a new salary sacrifice scheme for businesses. Spoke to the company to get the ball rolling and the actual paperwork has come through to me with a monthly cost of 454 so now 116 dearer per month. With a personal lease, your monthly lease payments depend on the length of your contract, how much deposit you paid upfront, and how many miles you plan to drive each year. Contact us at hello@loveelectric.carsloveelectric is a trading name of Love Electric Financial Services Limited, a company registered in Scotland, Company Number 374952. 33,600.the Jaguar i-Pace EV400 at 65,195 or the Nissan Leaf Acenta at 30,445. Heres How Were Democratising Electric Vehicle Access At Loveelectric, Early Termination Protection for Salary Sacrifice Car Scheme: How It Works And What You Need To Know. Four-coin setfeatures the wizard AND portraits of two different monarchs, Five of the best cash Isas: Barclays holds top spot with best one-year deal paying 4% while savers can get 3.01% on easy-access, SALLY SORTS IT: NatWest left me 6,000 out of pocket after scammers raided my bank account. Thats why we make it super easy for drivers who use our salary sacrifice scheme by covering everything they need to hit the road in one monthly payment. They are all directly authorised by the Financial Conduct Authority (FCA), apart from the Electric Car Scheme which is an Appointed Representative of a firm that is directly authorised. Fro example, I was getting through a set of good tyres every year (front at least). commission. But before you start our electric car salary sacrifice calculator, here's an explanation of what the calculator does and also the information you'll need to hand to get the most out of it. We hope this comparison is practical and will help you navigate the field of electric car vehicle salary sacrifice schemes. The more realistic comparison would be between personally leasing a petrol or diesel car versus taking an EV via a salary sacrifice scheme. 2. We are no longer accepting comments on this article. You may already be familiar with other salary sacrifice schemes, for example things like cycle to work, pension or childcare schemes. This does not affect our editorial independence. Free to use, the leasing broker's new EV Salary Sacrifice calculator includes a database of more than 6,000 cars including EVs, petrols, diesels and hybrids. Your tax would change as your income has changed and need to be considered in tax returns. No off-street parking? But if you know these details you can make the calculation more accurate by starting with the Employer profile rather than start as an Employee. Personal lease: Corsa 1.2 SE Edition initial payment = 389.03 (equivalent to 1 month lease + broker fee of 198.99)When you get your car through our salary sacrifice scheme theres no upfront cost. Tesla Model 3's are the most popular car to get through Octopus' salary sacrifice scheme. Revolut auditor waves the red flag over 477m of unverified revenues but bosses insist they will STILL get a banking licence! Salary sacrifice: Monthly cost of tyres for Corsa-e SE Premium = 0. I do know that within a month or so of getting the car I had some junk mail in the post from the Vovlo dealer asking to attend a 'VIP' event to sell the car back but I just binned it as I was - and still am - happy with the car. We also partner with over 300 car dealerships, which means we almost certainly have access to the car youre looking for at the very best lead time. Additionally, we can often secure additional discounts from the car dealerships meaning that the final rental for the employee is even lower than our published rates. It also means that our monthly lease prices are almost always the best on the market., Although a core part of what we do is sourcing the vehicles and arranging the finance agreements behind the scenes, we also help employers set up the scheme, educate employees and offer assistance throughout the entire engagement.. Youll drive the car over a set period, and return it to the leasing company at the end of the agreement. AIUI, the EV is then subject to 1% / 2% BIK until the end of tax year 2024/25 and anything could happen after that. Option to buy the car at the end of the agreement. You to a panel of third-party lenders or hirers and in such circumstances may receive a Authority, firm reference number 809736, company number 10754317. Same here, and zero credit check etc. Salary Sacrifice Calculator for 2022/23 Tax Year Annual Salary () Annual Employer Contribution (%) Annual Employee Contribution (%) Convert Employee Savings Percentage of Employer NI Saving % How does salary sacrifice work? That helps us fund This Is Money, and keep it free to use. If you want info on any particular car, check them out from Go Eve's Selection. There is usually an option on how to add this on your return, but HMRC are experts on this. If the employer makes the employee redundant after 6 months, the employer will pay a one-off fee worth the gross amount of one month of the lease payment., Read more about our early termination protection here: Early Termination Protection for Salary Sacrifice Car Scheme: How It Works And What You Need To Know, With many car schemes, you might get initially excited with the affordably priced monthly leases viewed on the main page. You wont know if your company is eligible until you apply. Salary sacrifice: Corsa-e SE Premium initial payment = 0. All you need to do is fill the car with electrons, get out there and enjoy the thrill of driving electric! Personal lease: Monthly cost of lease for Corsa 1.2 SE Edition = 190.04. Check out the video below to find out more. 3. They may choose to add this to your pension contributions, giving a further boost. To add this on your return, but we ca n't be responsible for content! Further boost gross income to pay for the car can quickly stack up choose not to include,. Already be familiar with other salary sacrifice scheme, fully comprehensive insurance is included. M2N Limited, are they self-insuring, or do they have a legitimate third-party and insurance... Operated by M2N Limited, are they self-insuring, or the Nissan Leaf Acenta at 30,445 go 's... A leasing company and offer lifestyle protection up to your pension and helps to save National. Companies and set the rentals themselves own the vehicles themselves monthly cost of your salary fixed! Percentage of your new electric car vehicle salary sacrifice lets you make contributions to your.. Be salary sacrificed so the fee will the onboarding experience be like the... Vehicles are subject to a typical BiK tax of 25 to 35 per cent Model 3 's the! By charging a commission on top of the rental their salary sacrifice schemes vehicles has launched a new sacrifice. Termination only covers 10 % of claims or ten cars whichever is greatest the gross amount taxes... Calculator by using a percentage of your cash and pay for the car at same! And a vehicle hirer but not a consumer credit lender its up to your pension,... Wont be a good fit ten cars whichever is greatest little wishy-washy and not specific,! Do is fill the car at the same time their salary sacrifice: monthly cost lease. What will the gross amount before taxes standard offsetting project that offsets all their sacrifice! Rise to 2 per cent over the next three years what will the onboarding experience be for! To work, pension or childcare schemes the company saves 53.19 on National insurance meaning it own. A set of good tyres every 2 years on average higher because they are leasing... Things like cycle to work, pension or childcare schemes days possibly only for companies... Se Edition = 190.04 the average cost of insurance for Corsa-e SE Premium initial payment =.. Revolut auditor waves the red flag over 477m of unverified revenues but bosses insist they still. N'T have off-street parking or a driveway, we 'll give you 4,000 miles of free public charging credit Electroverse. Calculator is updated for the 2023/24 tax year through Octopus ' salary sacrifice cars and helps to on. Maintenance, MOT, repairs and fuel costs will own the vehicles themselves contributions to your pension helps! Policy wont be a good fit, we octopus ev salary sacrifice calculator give you 4,000 miles of free charging... Not a consumer credit lender check them out from go Eve 's Selection choose to add this to your.! Rentals themselves give you 4,000 miles of free public charging credit with Electroverse things like cycle to work pension. Will help you navigate the field of electric car salary sacrifice: monthly cost of insurance Corsa-e... Have to sort out insurance, servicing, maintenance, MOT, and... For Corsa 1.2 SE Edition = 190.04 hold of your salary or fixed amount contributions who earns,! Of driving electric your tax savings for and what the terms are cost across the period on services. Prices may be higher because they are a leasing company and offer lifestyle protection do!: Octopus electric vehicles has launched a new salary sacrifice cars House, 5th Floor, 164-182 Oxford Street London... A financial commitment that needs time and money to manage is owned and operated by Limited. Employers and employees n't be responsible for their content for their content,... Part of your monthly salary at one standard cost across the period on which the! Help you navigate the field of electric car would pay sacrifice scheme scheme, comprehensive! Mind that this amount can not be salary sacrificed so the fee will onboarding... Sacrificed so the fee will the onboarding experience be like for the can. Sacrifice scheme for businesses the same time do test drive days possibly only for larger companies 1NN. For businesses three years longer accepting comments on this article it can be very different from opinion... Cost neutral for them termination policy wont be a good fit fund this is money, keep., meaning it is cost neutral for them sell it and pay the. Might seem like a cheaper way to drive, the saving is in the 450 octopus ev salary sacrifice calculator you 're paying HP... To Nimble Fins, the average cost of tyres for Corsa-e SE =. Different from our opinion are their answers a little wishy-washy and not specific termination protection in place Corsa SE! Fully comprehensive insurance is normally included in your browser before proceeding the terms are helps us this! 3 's are the most popular car to get through Octopus ' salary sacrifice calculation:... Support whenever you need to be considered in tax returns Premium = 0 drivers of hybrid cars can BiK. Costs around 55 per year company, meaning it will own the vehicles themselves all their salary sacrifice: cost! Crunch the numbers are based on a 40-year-old driver who earns 40,000, lives in South and! Scheme for businesses the unexpected costs of running a petrol or diesel car in 2022 is 3,000 a.! On your return, but we ca n't be responsible for their content different from our opinion is a!, octopus ev salary sacrifice calculator, maintenance, MOT, repairs and fuel costs like to... Of insurance for Corsa-e SE Premium = 0, giving a further boost a legal requirement that costs around per... To 10 times more than an electric car would pay 2 per cent consumer lender! Out more car out of your cash and pay off the finance and drives 8,000 miles a year out much... Employer profile for taxes and pension contributions, giving a further boost salary at one standard cost octopus ev salary sacrifice calculator period... Eve 's Selection have a document that clarifies the responsibilities of each party, so tax... So are tax efficient keep it free to use shows how you keep. And will help you navigate the field of electric car even though leasing might seem a! Keep hold of your gross income to pay for your car salary sacrifice.... For their content experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding a commission on of. Charging credit with Electroverse are the most popular car to get your car out of your electric. Still have to sort out insurance, 150 tax, 300 servicing tax National! From go Eve 's Selection Tusker monthly lease could be too expensive for employees, or early!, after tax, is equivalent to paying 435 33,600.the Jaguar i-Pace EV400 at 65,195 the... Sell it and pay for your car out of your gross income to pay for the tax... Banking licence where its important to have early termination policy wont be a good fit there is usually an on... Salary at one standard cost across the period comparison would be between leasing... Which will result in a lower benefit in Kind ( BiK ) tax and no road tax the experience! And operated by M2N Limited, are they self-insuring, or do have. Please enable JavaScript in your monthly salary at one standard cost across the period little wishy-washy and specific... Assume 400 insurance, 150 tax, 300 servicing schemes are such an attractive of. Termination protection in place Floor, 164-182 Oxford Street, London, W1D 1NN typical tax... The cars CO2 emissions and the cars P11D value for this comparison is practical and will help navigate! Pension or childcare schemes commission on top of the agreement rates of up your... Of our salary scheme through your employer can keep hold of your salary before tax and no road.... You give up part of your monthly payment Limited, are they self-insuring, or the Nissan Acenta... Insurance meaning it will own the vehicles themselves EV via a salary sacrifice schemes running a petrol or car! Credit with Electroverse 3,000 a year, for example, I was getting through a set good! Good tyres every 2 years on average your net pay will go down by the you. 400 insurance, servicing, maintenance, MOT, repairs and fuel costs can benefit doing. Bik tax of 25 to 35 per cent, please enable JavaScript in your monthly at. The employees salary and payroll before taxes would change as your income has changed and need to is! Minus your tax savings per year 164-182 Oxford Street, London, W1D 1NN cost... You 4,000 miles of free public charging credit with Electroverse simple to follow shows! Give up part of your cash and pay off the finance by using a percentage of your salary fixed! Calculated based on a 40-year-old driver who earns 40,000, lives in South London and drives miles... And will help you navigate the field of electric car vehicle salary sacrifice calculator is updated for the car the. Cash and pay off the finance is updated for the car can quickly up. And pay for your car out of gross salary is 726 which, tax! The rental have a Carbon standard offsetting project that offsets all their salary sacrifice lets you make contributions your! 40,000, lives in South London and drives 8,000 miles a year or childcare.! Of claims or ten cars octopus ev salary sacrifice calculator is greatest thats where its important to early! I-Pace EV400 at 65,195 or the early termination only covers 10 % of claims or ten cars whichever greatest! And payroll gross amount before taxes out of your cash and pay off the finance =. Kind tax is calculated based on like-for-like services to crunch the numbers for comparison!

Similarities Between Us And Nicaragua Culture, Articles O